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Intelligent environments (IE) are spaces with embedded systems and information and communication technologies creating interactive spaces that bring computation into the physical world and enhance occupants experiences. "Intelligent environments are spaces in which computation is seamlessly used to enhance ordinary activity. One of the driving forces behind the emerging interest in highly interactive environments is to make computers not only genuine user-friendly but also essentially invisible to the user".〔Steventon, A., and Wright, S. (eds) (2006) ''Intelligent Spaces: The Application of Pervasive ICT'', Springer-Verlag.〕 IEs describe physical environments in which information and communication technologies and sensor systems disappear as they become embedded into physical objects, infrastructures, and the surroundings in which we live, travel, and work. The goal here is to allow computers to take part in activities never previously involved and allow people to interact with computers via gesture, voice, movement, and context. The annual IEEE conferences on intelligent environments present current trends and applications.〔http://www.intenv.org〕 == Technology == As the Intelligent Environments Conference (2007) points out: "Types of Intelligent Environments range from private to public and from fixed to mobile; some are ephemeral while others are permanent; some change type during their life span. The realization of Intelligent Environments requires the convergence of different disciplines: Information and Computer Science, Architecture, Material Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Sociology and Design. In addition, technical breakthroughs are required in key enabling technology fields, such as, microelectronics (e.g., miniaturization, power consumption), communication and networking technologies (e.g., broadband and wireless networks), smart materials (e.g., bio-implants) and intelligent agents (e.g., context awareness and ontologies)".〔(Intelligent Environments Conference (2007) )〕 An example of such spaces is the 'Intelligent Room'; a laboratory room which supports computer vision, speech recognition, and movement tracking, based on about fifty distinct intercommunication software agents that run on interconnected computers.〔Cohen, M. (1997) 'Towards interactive environments: The Intelligent Room', Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Human Computer Interaction, Bristol, U.K.〕 Another is intelligent cities, territories that sustain innovation processes with virtual spaces and ICTs.〔Komninos, N. (2002) ''Intelligent Cities: Innovation, knowledge systems and digital spaces'', London and New York, Routledge.〕 An extremely rich source of applications and experimentations in the field is to be found in the Intelligent Community Forum (2007) and the cities selected by ICF as top intelligent communities.〔(Intelligent Community Forum (2007) )〕 The critical question is not whether we may build intelligent environments, but how we may use these environments as instruments for distributed problem-solving.〔Bowen-James, A. (1997) 'Paradoxes and Parables of Intelligent Environments' in P. Droege (ed.) ''Intelligent Environments - Spatial Aspect of the Information Revolution'', Oxford, Elsevier〕〔Novak, M. (1997) 'Cognitive Cities: Intelligence, Environment and Space' in P. Droege (ed.) ''Intelligent Environments - Spatial Aspect of the Information Revolution'', Oxford, Elsevier〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Intelligent environment」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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